| Info | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [Accredited Activity Page](https://www.faasafety.gov/WINGS/pub/accreditedactivities/accreditedActivityViewer.aspx?aaid=%2072576) | | Activity # A211209-01 | | Credits for Basic Flight Topic 1,2 and Basic Knowledge Topic 2 | | [Activity Worksheet](https://www.faasafety.gov/files/gslac/library/documents/2022/May/351932/20210510-WINGS%20ASEL%20Night%20Operations%20Lessons%20Plan-Worksheet.pdf) | > [!caution] This page summarizes useful information, but does not replace the official Activity Page instructions. > For instance, most flight activities expect specific preflight and post flight discussions. # Completion Criteria > [!quote] From the Activity Worksheet > While this **_[[WINGS - Pilot Proficiency Program|WINGS]]_** Flight Activity targets specifically the **NIGHT OPERATIONS** Area of Operation as described in the [[Private Pilot ACS]], the Airman should satisfactorily demonstrate all pertinent parts of the ACS in their Preflight, Flight, and Post Flight activities consistent with their certificate or rating. > > **FOR _WINGS_ CREDIT**: The airman will satisfactorily demonstrate the maneuvers and procedures in the tasks selected by the flight instructor in the applicable ACS Area of Operation for the pilot certificate, Category and Class in which the airman is rated.  Successful completion of this **_WINGS_** Activity will ensure the airman possesses the knowledge, ability to manage risks, and skills consistent for the privileges of the certificate, Category and Class or rating being exercised in order to act as Pilot-in- command (PIC). > [!summary]- PPL ACS Area of Operation XI. Night Operation^[Nov 2023] > | ACS ID | Title | > | --------------------:|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | > | ***References:*** | [[AIM]]; [[Risk Management Handbook\|FAA-H-8083-2]], [[AFH\|FAA-H-8083-3]], [[PHAK\|FAA-H-8083-25]]; [[POH]]/[[AFM]] | > | **Objective:** | To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with night operations. | > | | | > | **Knowledge:** | Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of: | > | PA.XI.A.K1 | Physiological aspects of vision related to night flying. | > | PA.XI.A.K2 | Lighting systems identifying airports, runways, taxiways and obstructions, as well as pilot controlled lighting. | > | PA.XI.A.K3 | Airplane equipment and lighting requirements for night operations. | > | PA.XI.A.K4 | Personal equipment essential for night flight. | > | PA.XI.A.K5 | Night orientation, navigation, chart reading techniques and methods for maintaining night vision effectiveness. | > | PA.XI.A.K6 | Night taxi operations. | > | PA.XI.A.K7 | Interpretation of traffic position and direction based solely on position lights. | > | PA.XI.A.K8 | Visual [[Night Illusions\|illusions at night]]. | > | | | > | **Risk Management:** | | > | PA.XI.A.R1 | Collision hazards. | > | PA.XI.A.R2 | Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation. | > | PA.XI.A.R3 | Effect of visual illusions and night adaptation during all phases of night flying. | > | PA.XI.A.R4 | Runway incursion. | > | PA.XI.A.R5 | Night currency versus proficiency. | > | PA.XI.A.R6 | Weather considerations specific to night operations. | > | PA.XI.A.R7 | Inoperative equipment. | # Lesson Plan^[Based heavily on the activity worksheet] **Night Operations Objective:** Obtain a familiarity with the factors relating to night flight and operations. **Motivation:** When the airman understands all the different factors and risks of night flying, it brings a new exciting dimension to aviation. **Overview:** Prior to night flight operations, the instructor and airman will discuss the factors relating to night vision, optical illusions, use of lighting, airport lighting, and night operations. **Conclusion and Evaluation:** The airman will understand all the factors of night flying and be aware of extra possible risks. Be able to explain the extra risks with night flying as well as factors to consider in decision making and preparing for night flying. > [!example] **Rough Schedule** > > | **Activity** | **Est. Time** | > | ------------------------ | ------------- | > | Ground Discussion | 1.0 | > | Ground Preflight Perform | 0.6 | > | Flight | 1.5 | > | Debrief | 0.5 | > | **TOTAL:** | **3.6** | ## Student Preparation ### Reading - [[AFH Ch11]] ### Scenario Come prepared for the following scenario. At a minimum, this includes all of [[NWKRAFT]] and any other preparation for going to a distant airport. > [!attention] > Please **bring a paper copy of your dead reckoning plan** for the leg outbound, so you have something to write on. You do not need to do the calculations by hand,^[SkyVector, ForeFlight, etc are fine.] and you do not need to do a navlog for the return trip. Night VFR cross-country from {*select your home airport*} to {*select an airport at least 30 minutes and 50 nm away from the home airport*} and return to the home airport. **Pilot** > You are a private pilot with approximately 55 hours of total time, and 21 hours of cross-country experience. You are not instrument-rated. You have not flown at all in two months, and you have never before been to your destination airport. **Aircraft** > Your aircraft, which you co-own with several friends, is an {*insert actual aircraft make/model*}. It recently completed its annual inspection with no major squawks. The instrument panel is {*insert actual instrument configuration*}. > > > [!note] > > For this flight's outbound leg, no moving map GPS display will be used – only current flight charts.^[[[EFB]] is fine, though, just without ownship.] **enVironment** > Departure and destination airports will be the actual airports used in the flight scenario. However, for flight planning purposes, consider a summer day of 90°, 7 miles visibility in haze, a standard pressure of 29.92” for both the departure and destination airport. Enroute weather is the actual conditions for the flight. > > [!note] For Instructor > > The departure and destination airport surface conditions have been chosen so the airman can work with density altitude problems. **External Pressures** > You are making the trip to drop off one of your aircraft co-owners so he can spend a weekend with relatives. The nagging two months of not flying – you are questioning your skills/currency. ## Preflight Briefing ### Human Factors - [[Vision in Flight]] - [[Night Illusions]] - [[IMSAFE]], [[5P Model]] ### Preflight Planning - Review route, altitude, etc - Required inspections ([[AAV1ATE]]) and paperwork ([[AR(R)OW]]) - Review [[NWKRAFT]] - Effect of [[density altitude]] - Effect of wind - Effect of reduced visibility - Additional risk of weather at night - Review [[Chart Supplement]], noise abatement - Hazards during all stages of flight - Use of hazard advisor or terrain map layers - Night currency vs proficiency ### Equipment - Personal night equipment, aircraft night equipment - Required night equipment ([[APES]] or [[FLAPS]]) - Fueling at night (or before) - Use of automation, and particularly [American 965 Crash](https://www.faa.gov/lessons_learned/transport_airplane/accidents/N651AA) ### Airport and Ground Operations - [[Airport Lighting]] - Runway conditions and [[Runway Conditions and Runway Condition Assessment Matrix|assessment matrix]] - Ice or frost ## Cross-Country Flight - Outbound leg is normal night xc flight using [[dead reckoning]] - Discussions throughout on impact of night on each leg - At the airport, several laps, including - Simulated engine failure to a landing - Landing without landing light - Go-arounds - Return trip will cover emergencies and abnormal procedures - Diversions and lost procedures - Simulated engine failure at altitude ## Debrief - Review learnings - [[WINGS.A Endorsement]]