### Introduction The Forward Slip is a very useful tool in your flying toolbelt. When you find yourself approaching a landing with too much speed, altitude, or both, the forward slip allows you to burn off energy and get yourself positioned for a normal landing. It's also a fun maneuver, because you get to fly a bit sideways! This lesson also covers "No-Flap Landings." Although we normally extend flaps for landing, your aircraft is capable of landing without flaps, albeit at a higher approach speed. But without flaps to slow us down, we need to control speed in other ways. We practice this type of landing in case you ever have a problem in flight which keeps you from being able to lower your flaps. **Pre-Lesson Reading/Homework:** [[~ PPL Pre-Lesson Reading]] **Builds On:** [[PPL3.2 Normal and Crosswind Approaches and Landings]] **Schedule:** Ground 0.5 hr Multiple flights to practice this maneuver frequently ### Lesson Elements #### Forward Slips 1. Overview of forward slips 1. Purpose - lose altitude quickly, without gaining airspeed.^[or lose airspeed without gaining altitude] Allows for steeper gliding descent for short-field or emergency landing 2. [[Forward Slip.jpeg|Forward Slips]] vs [[Sideslip.jpeg|Sideslips]]? 1. Sideslips are the usual technique for cross-wind landing, where heading parallel to runway. Rudder is used to keep parallel, bank to track centerline. 2. Forward slips are steeper than side slips, with exaggerated bank (into the wind) and full opposite rudder. Rudder is fully deflected to create drag, and bank is used to track centerline. 3. Adjust "steepness" of slip as necessary for intended landing spot > [!note] > Aim to reacquire a normal glideslope if possible, not slip all the way to a landing 1. Airspeed errors - what is effect of slip on indicated airspeed? Depends on number and location of static ports 2. Check [[POH]] 1. Are slips allowed with full flaps? 2. Will fuel ports uncover?^[More background on these in [Slip Solution](https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2009/january/flight-training-magazine/slip-solution) from [[AOPA]]] 2. Flying the forward slip 1. Reduce power to idle 2. Lower wing into wind (if any), and apply full opposite rudder 4. Lower nose to maintain normal final approach indicated airspeed, depending on static port locations 5. Adjust bank to maintain runway centerline 6. Transition from forward slip to side slip (or no slip) before landing flare 7. Beware of excessive sink rate due to forward slip. Keep enough airspeed to round out and flare. 3. Common errors 1. Speed control during the slip 2. Failure to maintain stable forward slip, allowing bank and heading to wander 3. Failure to track the extended centerline 4. Failure to go around if the approach becomes unstable > [!maneuver]- 3D Visualizer: Forward Slip to Landing > <iframe src="https://maneuvers.cfijack.com/?embed&m=forward-slip-to-landing" width="100%" height="520" style="border:0;border-radius:12px"></iframe> #### No Flap Landings 1. No flap landings may be needed if electrical system fails (in a C152/C172 or similar) or if flaps otherwise fail to deploy 2. Requires strict energy management to account for less drag available from flaps^[Similar energy management is needed in a [[CPL.3 Power Off 180 Accuracy Approach and Landing|power off 180]], and the tools of [[Flaps, Approach Geometry, Slip]] are similarly useful here] 1. Forward slip may be used to increase drag as needed 2. Geometry of the approach (e.g. extend downwind) 3. Landing attitude will be nose higher than normal to maintain same landing airspeed 4. > [!tip] More tips on no-flap landings can be found in [this article](https://www.boldmethod.com/blog/learn-to-fly/manuevers/how-to-fly-a-no-flap-landing-pattern-through-touchdown/) from [[Bold Method]] 5. Approach speeds > [!maneuver]- 3D Visualizer: No Flap Landing > <iframe src="https://maneuvers.cfijack.com/?embed&m=no-flap-landing" width="100%" height="520" style="border:0;border-radius:12px"></iframe> ### Completion Standards Client must demonstrate smooth entry into a forward slip, with upwind wing down, maintaining runway centerline and safe airspeed, with smooth recovery from slip prior to round out. They must additionally demonstrate energy management while landing without the use of flaps. > [!success]- Tolerances (Partial) from [[Private Pilot ACS|ACS]] > **Forward slip**: Land within 400' of specified point; parallel, on centerline, nose up, no drift ### Resources - [[POH]] - [[Private Pilot ACS]] Section IV.M - [Slip Solution](https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2009/january/flight-training-magazine/slip-solution) from [[AOPA]] ### Required Homework None ### Recommended Homework None *Return to [[~ PPL Lesson Plan Outline|Table of Contents]]^*