**Solo Requirements for Student Pilots:** From [[FAR 61.87 Student Solo Reqs]] (d) *Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a single engine airplane.* A student pilot who is receiving training for a single-engine airplane rating or privileges must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures: | Requirement | Lesson | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, powerplant operation, and aircraft systems; | [[PPL1.1 Aircraft Preflight, Taxiing, and Postflight Procedures\|PPL1.1]], [[PPL1.3 Weather Briefs and Preflight Planning\|PPL1.3]] | | Taxiing or surface operations, including runups; | [[PPL1.1 Aircraft Preflight, Taxiing, and Postflight Procedures\|PPL1.1]] | | Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind; | [[PPL1.4 Normal and Crosswind Takeoffs and Climbs\|PPL1.4]], [[PPL3.2 Normal and Crosswind Approaches and Landings\|PPL3.2]] | | Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions; | [[PPL1.2 Four Fundamentals of Flight\|PPL1.2]] | | Climbs and climbing turns; | [[PPL1.2 Four Fundamentals of Flight\|PPL1.2]] | | Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures; | [[PPL1.5 Towered Airport Operations\|PPL1.5]] | | Collision avoidance, wind shear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance; | [[PPL3.2 Normal and Crosswind Approaches and Landings\|PPL3.2]] | | Descents, with and without turns, using high and low drag configurations; | [[PPL1.2 Four Fundamentals of Flight\|PPL1.2]] | | Flight at various airspeeds from cruise to slow flight; | [[PPL2.1 Slow Flight and Power-Off Stalls\|PPL2.1]] | | Stall entries from various flight attitudes and power combinations with recovery initiated at the first indication of a stall, and recovery from a full stall; | [[PPL2.1 Slow Flight and Power-Off Stalls\|PPL2.1]], [[PPL2.3 Power-On Stalls and Spin Awareness\|PPL2.3]] | | Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions; | [[PPL3.4 Emergency Landings\|PPL3.4]] | | Ground reference maneuvers; | [[PPL2.5 Ground Reference Maneuvers\|PPL2.5]] | | Approaches to a landing area with simulated engine malfunctions; | [[PPL3.4 Emergency Landings\|PPL3.4]] | | Slips to a landing; and | [[PPL3.3 Forward Slips and No Flap Landings\|PPL3.3]] | | Go-arounds. | [[PPL3.1 Flying the Traffic Pattern and Go-Arounds\|PPL3.1]] | **Solo Cross-Country Requirements for Student Pilots:** From [[FAR 61.93 Solo XC Reqs]] (e) *Maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in a single-engine airplane.* A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight in a single-engine airplane must receive and log flight training in the following maneuvers and procedures: | Requirement | Lesson | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass; | [[PPL4.6 Pilotage and Dead Reckoning\|PPL4.6]] | | Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight; | [[PPL4.4 Aircraft Performance and Weight+Balance\|PPL4.4]] | | Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight; | [[PPL4.5 Advanced Weather Briefs and Preflight Planning\|PPL4.5]] | | Emergency procedures; | [[PPL5.3 Emergency Operations\|PPL5.3]], [[PPL5.4 Lost Procedures and Diversion to Alternates\|PPL5.4]] | | Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach; | [[PPL4.2 Advanced Airport Operations\|PPL4.2]] | | Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and wind shear avoidance; | [[PPL4.2 Advanced Airport Operations\|PPL4.2]] | | Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown; | [[PPL4.3 Flight Planning, Navigation Systems, and Other XC Equipment\|PPL4.3]] | | Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications; | [[PPL4.3 Flight Planning, Navigation Systems, and Other XC Equipment\|PPL4.3]] | | Use of radios for VFR navigation and two-way communication, except that a student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate must only receive and log flight training on the use of radios installed in the aircraft to be flown; | [[PPL4.2 Advanced Airport Operations\|PPL4.2]] | | Takeoff, approach, and landing procedures, including short-field, soft-field, and crosswind takeoffs, approaches, and landings; | [[PPL3.5 Short- and Soft-Field Takeoffs and Landings\|PPL3.5]] | | Climbs at best angle and best rate; and | [[PPL3.5 Short- and Soft-Field Takeoffs and Landings\|PPL3.5]] | | Control and maneuvering solely by reference to flight instruments, including straight and level flight, turns, descents, climbs, use of radio aids, and ATC directives. | [[PPL5.1 Emergency Flight by Instruments - Four Fundamentals\|PPL5.1]] | **Private Pilot Aeronautical Experience (prior to checkride)** From [[FAR 61.109 PPL Experience Reqs]]: - [ ] 40 hours of flight time (any CC) (\*) 61.109(a) - [ ] 20 hours of flight training (dual) (any CC) (\*) 61.109(a) - [ ] 10 hours of solo flight time (any CC) (\*) 61.109(a) - [ ] 3 hours cross-country dual 61.109(a)(1) - [ ] 3 hours night dual (including as follows:) (\*) 61.109(a)(2) - [ ] Dual XC of >100 NM total 61.109(a)(2)(i) - [ ] 10 night dual full stop TO/LDG in pattern 61.109(a)(2)(ii) - [ ] 3 hours dual by ref to instruments (see details) 61.109(a)(3) - [ ] 3 hours dual in prep for practical in 2 month prior to test 61.109(a)(4) - [ ] 10 hours solo (including as follows:) 61.109(a)(5) - [ ] 5 hours solo XC 61.109(a)(5)(i) - [ ] 1 solo XC 150 NM distance, at least one >50 NM leg between takeoff and landing locations^[See [[Keller 2009]]], 3 points full stop 61.109(a)(5)(ii) - [ ] 3 solo TO/LDG full-stop at airport with operating control tower 61.109(a)(5)(iii) *Return to [[~ PPL Lesson Plan Outline|Table of Contents]]^*