### Objective Develop satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with obtaining, understanding, and applying weather information for a flight under IFR. ### Resources - [[Aviation Weather Handbook]] - [[Risk Management Handbook]] - [[Instrument ACS]] Section 1.B > [!tip] Pre-Lesson Reading/Homework here: [[~ IRA Pre-Lesson Reading]] ### Builds On [[PPL4.5 Advanced Weather Briefs and Preflight Planning]] ### Schedule Ground 2.0 hr ### Lesson Elements 1. Meteorology for IFR flight planning 1. Weather system formation, including [[air mass]]es and [[front]]s 2. Cloud types and hazards 3. [[Turbulence]] 4. [[Thunderstorm]]s and [[Wind Shear#Microbursts|microbursts]] 5. [[Fog]] 6. Ice hazards, [[Aircraft Icing]], including frost, conditions conducive to icing 7. Wind 8. Moisture and precipitation 9. [[Area Forecast Discussion]] 2. Current and forecast weather for departure, enroute, and arrival 1. Sources of weather information 2. Weather briefing and contents ([[All Available Information Concerning That Flight]]) 3. [[Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories]] 4. Graphical weather products 5. Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs, e.g. Foreflight, Garmin Pilot) 3. Enroute weather Services 1. Onboard weather information 2. Inflight [[FSS]] weather 4. Hazardous Inflight Weather 1. Turbulence 2. Thunderstorms / Hail 3. [[Ice Hazards and Aircraft Icing]] - Stalls, tailplane stall, roll upset stall, [[Freezing Rain]], [[SLD]] 4. What to do if any of these are encountered or forecast 5. Anti-ice/deicing and weather detection equipment and their operating characteristics to include— 1. Airframe and/or induction Icing 1. De-ice: rubber boots, weeping wings 2. Anti-Ice: thermal (bleed air), electro thermal, weeping wings, propeller anti-ice 2. air intake: carb heat, alternate intake (often connected to carb heat, but can be automatically vacuum activated) 3. fuel system: carb heat 4. pitot-static system: pitot heat, alternate static source 5. radar/lightning detection system: FIS-B provides as one source, or a stormscope 6. other inflight weather systems 1. [[FIS-B]] 2. Onboard radar 3. Sirius XM 6. Other Weather risks for IFR flight 1. Limitations of forecasts and inflight weather resources^[[Accident Case Study: Time Lapse – misunderstanding in-cockpit weather displays can lead to tragedy](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83uvKWJS2os) from [[Air Safety Institute]]] 2. How to identify alternates, when to divert to alternate 3. Establishing [[Personal Minimums]] ### Required Homework - [ ] Schedule IFR long cross-country requirement ([[IRA.A Instrument Rating Flight Experience Requirements]]) 1. IFR flight of 250 nm minimum 2. An instrument approach at each airport 3. 3 different kinds of approaches (VOR, GPS, ILS)^[See https://find-an-approach.github.io/ for options] ### Completion Standards The learner must demonstrate the ability to use weather resources to obtain a weather briefing, make a competent go/no-go decision, and obtain weather updates during flight. *Return to [[~ IRA Lesson Plan Outline|Table of Contents]]^*