### Objective Develop proficiency in flying holding patterns, including recommended entry procedures, while satisfying ACS standards. ### Resources - [[POH]]/[[AFM]] - GPS manual > [!tip] Pre-Lesson Reading/Homework here: [[~ IRA Pre-Lesson Reading]] ### Builds On - [[IRA1.4 Ground-Based Navigation]] - [[IRA1.5 Satellite Navigation]] ### Schedule Ground 1.5 hr, Sim/Flight 1.5 hr ### Lesson Elements 1. [[Holding Procedures]] 2. Practice 1. Write [[Sample Holding Clearances]] 2. [[Dinner Plate Holds Practice]] 3. [[Dot Game for Holds]] 4. https://practiceholds.com/ 3. Common Errors 1. Wasting fuel - use slow cruise or even max endurance speed if fuel is a factor 2. GPS confusion 3. Incorrect entry choice 4. Insufficient wind correction 5. Fuel monitoring and "[[minimum fuel]]" situations ([Avianca Flight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avianca_Flight_052)) #### Airplane or Sim Activity 1. Hold on green needles, without and with wind 2. Hold on magenta needles, with OBS and with hold in flight plan 3. Holds with AP ### Completion Standards Student must demonstrate proficiency in planning, entering, and flying holding patterns, while maintaining +- 10 kts, +- 100 feet, +- 10°s, with < ¾ scale deflection of [[CDI]]. *Return to [[~ IRA Lesson Plan Outline|Table of Contents]]^*