### Objective VOR orientation, course intercepts and tracking, and use of HSI, if available. ILS and DME introduction. ### Resources - [[Instrument ACS]] section V - [[POH]]/[[AFM]] > [!tip] Pre-Lesson Reading/Homework here: [[~ IRA Pre-Lesson Reading]] ### Builds On - [[PPL4.3 Flight Planning, Navigation Systems, and Other XC Equipment]] - [[IRA1.3 Instrument Maneuvers]] ### Schedule Ground 1.0 hr, Sim/Flight 2.0 hr^[may need less time based on depth of PPL training] ### Lesson Elements 1. VOR Information from [[Ground-Based Navigation using VOR, DME, and ILS]] 2. Common Errors 1. Incorrect tuning and identification procedures 2. Failure to set navigation selector for the course to be intercepted (GPS vs VOR/VLOC switch) ### Completion Standards Student must be able to tune and ID VOR navaid, detect failures; check receiver for proper operation; orient to a VOR station or course; intercept assigned course; track course to or from VOR, with crosswind correction; Maintain heading within 10°s, altitude within 100 feet, airspeed within 10 kts. Student must know how to check autopilot operation during preflight, and how to use autopilot during enroute flight. *Return to [[~ IRA Lesson Plan Outline|Table of Contents]]^*